Papua Rooted in Majapahit History and Nusantara Identity Since the 14th Century

PAPUA-Papua has a close relationship with the Nusantara which has been recorded since the 14th century. In the Negarakertagama Book written by Mpu Prapanca during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk of the Majapahit Kingdom, a region called Wanin is mentioned which is believed to be part of the Onin Peninsula in West Papua.

“The name Wanin in the book shows that Papua is not an isolated region, but has become part of the political and trade interactions of the Nusantara,” said Yohannis Samuel Nusi, a writer and activist of Papuan history.

Papua is not only known in the symbolism of Majapahit’s power, but also began to be recorded on regional trade maps. Initial contact with foreign nations, such as the Portuguese and Spanish in the 16th century, emphasized Papua’s strategic position in the spice shipping network. Then in the 17th century, the Dutch through the VOC began to exert influence in this region, although limited to coastal areas due to geographical challenges.

“The VOC established posts in Fakfak and Manokwari, and encouraged religious missions to introduce education and health services,” Nusi added.

One of them was Poreo Ohe, a tribal chief from Sentani who is mentioned in several records and traditions as a participant in the 1928 Youth Pledge. Another name is Aitai Kerubaba, who is respected in local narratives as a figure who helped revive the spirit of nationalism. Another name is Aitai Kerubaba, who is remembered in local traditions as a figure who participated in the spirit of nationalism.

During World War II, the Papua region was occupied by Japan. After Japan surrendered in 1945, the Netherlands regained control of Papua even though Indonesia had proclaimed independence. Indonesia’s view at that time was that the entire territory of the former Dutch East Indies, including Papua, was an inseparable part of the Republic of Indonesia.

“However, the geopolitical dynamics at that time placed Papua in the international spotlight, until finally through the 1969 Act of Free Choice, Papua officially returned to the bosom of Indonesia,” Nusi emphasized.

This story is the beginning of a long series of meaningful Papuan history. The fact that Papua has been mentioned in classical texts such as the Negarakertagama is a reminder that this region has long been an integral part of the dynamics of the Nusantara archipelago. A narrative that is relevant to rebuilding the self-confidence of today’s young generation of Papuans.

“Papua is not a marginalized region, but rather a rich historical node that deserves to be celebrated,” concluded Yohannis Samuel Nusi.